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Hardware Specifications

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This page was last revised on August 19, 2001.

Screw Head Types

Hex cap: Hex-shaped head for turning with a wrench; intended to sit on top of finished surface
Hex socket cap: Round head with internal hex for turning with an Allen wrench; often intended to fit within a socket on the surface
Hex washer head: Similar to hex cap, but with a widened disk under the hex-shaped head area for additional bearing surface
Flat head: Flat head with flat-tapered sides below the head; intended to be countersunk; head lies flat on or below the finished surface
Bugle head: Similar to flat head, but tapered sides are concave; intended to be self-countersinking; head lies flat on or below the finished surface
Oval head: Similar to flat head, but the top surface is mildly convex instead of flat; intended to be countersunk; head curves gently above the finished surface
Round head: Strongly rounded head, with flat underside; intended to sit on top of finished surface
Pan head: Similar to round head, but center of top is flattened out for a lower profile
Truss head: Similar to round head, but with milder up-curve for a lower profile
Button head: Similar to pan head, but the top is somewhat domed (the curve of the top surface is a mild curve, while the curve of the sides is a steeper curve)
Binding head: Similar to pan head, but wider
Fillister head: Disk-like head with relatively high sides, gently rounded on top; intended to sit on top of finished surface
Cheese head: Disk-like head with relatively high sides; flat on top, with tapering sides, widest where sitting on top of finished surface
Wafer head: Thin disk-like head, intended to sit on top of finished surface but with very low or slightly countersunk profile
Thumbscrew: Having a laterally-flattened head so that it can be turned by hand

Drive Types

Slot drive: Having a grooved slot, intended to be driven with a flat-blade screwdriver
Phillips: Having a closed cross-shaped socket, intended to be driven with a Phillips screwdriver
Torx: Having a closed star-shaped socket, intended to be driven with a Torx driver
Hex socket or Allen: Having a hexagonally-shaped socket, intended to be driven with an Allen wrench
Hex: Having a hexagonally-shaped head, intended to be driven with a hex socket or a wrench
Square: Having a square-shaped head, intended to be driven with a square socket or a wrench

Numbered Screw Specifications

Screw Size	Normal Pitch Thread Pitch	Fine Pitch Thread Pitch	Sheet Metal Thread Pitch	Diameter (Nominal Size)
0	72?	80		0.060 (1/16")
1	64	72		0.073 (5/64")
2	56	64	~32	0.086 (3/32")
3	48	56?		0.099 (7/64")
4	40	48	~24	0.112 (1/8")
5	40			0.125 (9/64")
6	32	40	~18-20	0.138 (5/32")
7			~16-19	0.151 (11/64")
8	32	36	~15-18	0.164 (3/8")
10	24	32	~12-16	0.190 (7/32")
12	24		~11-14	0.216 (1/4")
14			~10-14	0.250 (9/32")
16				0.268 (5/8")
17			~14	0.291 (19/64")

American Bolt Specifications

Nominal Size	Coarse Pitch Threads/Inch	Fine Pitch Threads/Inch	Wrench Size	Minimum Thread Length
1/4"	20	28	7/16"	3/4"
5/16"	18	24	1/2"	7/8"
3/8"	16	24	9/16"	1"
7/16"	14	20	5/8"	1 1/8"
1/2"	13	20	3/4"	1 1/4"
9/16"	12	18	13/16"	1 3/8"
5/8"	11	18	15/16"	1 1/2"
3/4"	10	16	1 1/8"	1 3/4"
7/8"	9	14	1 5/16"	2"
1"	8	14	1 1/2"	2 1/4"

Metric Bolt/Screw Specifications

Nominal Size	Normal Pitch Thread Pitch	Fine Pitch Thread Pitch	Wrench Size	Minimum Thread Length
M1.6 (1.6 mm)	0.35 mm
M2 (2 mm)	0.4 mm
M2.5 (2.5 mm)	0.45 mm
M3 (3 mm)	0.5 mm		5.5 mm	12 mm
M4 (4 mm)	0.7 mm		7 mm	14 mm
M5 (5 mm)	0.8 mm		8 mm	16 mm
M6 (6 mm)	1.0 mm		10 mm	18 mm
M7 (7 mm)	1.0 mm		11 mm	20 mm
M8 (8 mm)	1.25 mm	1.0 mm	13 mm	22 mm
M10 (10 mm)	1.5 mm	1.25 mm	17 mm	26 mm
M12 (12 mm)	1.75 mm	1.25 or 1.5 mm	19 mm	30 mm
M14 (14 mm)	2.0 mm	1.5 mm	22 mm	34 mm
M16 (16 mm)	2.0 mm		24 mm	38 mm
M20 (20 mm)	2.5 mm		30 mm	46 mm
M24 (24 mm)	3.0 mm		36 mm	54 mm